HOW TO USE COMMANDS/EFFECTS ON A TRACKER

(LESSON 2)

Perfect, if you reached this point it means that:

1 - You come from Lesson 1, so I suppose that the thing really interests you!
2 - You already know how a tracker works but you want to read again about it a bit, especially about the commands.

Anyway let's start back from where we dropped last time, precisely on my invite to grab tracker and instruments. Good. If trying to you had problems I invite you to try again under my guidance.

Got a tracker at reach of hand?
(for example
FastTracker 2 which I strongly suggest you)
Once the program is launched you will be in front of that screen with a lot of tracks and loads of numbers. Good. Meanwhile we need to manage loading in memory some instrument. Usually in these trackers there's always a menu regarding disk operations, so look for something like Disk Operation or something like that. Done yet? Now look carefully and on this website you will find a library with a moderate amount of instruments, FBY Samples Library... nothing too hilarious, just what you need to start doing something... Ok, once loaded a bit of samples you can start straight on composing something...
... you'd ask "how"? Simply using your keyboard as a real music keyboard. Every key is indeed (aside function keys, special keys and numerical keypad) a representation of a note.
Usually in a tracker the keyboard is mapped like this:

From "Z" to "M" notes of lower Octave
From "A" to "J" "sharp" (#) notes of lower Octave
From "Q" to "U" notes of higher Octave
From "1" to "7" "sharp" (#) notes of higher Octave

So used the keys as described above to write notes... nothing will happen though if you don't activate Editing mode. Usually it's just enought to press spacebar to activate it and press it again to deactivate it. To verify if you're in Editing or not you can see (for example on FastTracker2) if the screen borders are grey (Active) or black (Passiv... errr... Deactive).

Good. Now I leave you in peace to let you take first steps...

R O N F . . . R O N F . . . R O N F . . . R O N F . . . R O N F . . .

Ehm.... eh? You already tried? Want other notions? damm, not even the time to take a nap... oh well, let's go on....

Once this part is over you would start using some more effect, to make your experiments as closer to a real song as possible. Here's the list of most common effects which you can find and use on a tracker:

1 - Portamento UP
2 - Portamento DOWN
3 - Portamento TO NOTE
4 - Vibrato
5 - Portamento TO NOTA + Volume Slide
6 - Vibrato + Volume Slide
7 - Tremolo
8 - Unused
9 - Play with Offset
A - Volume Slide
B - Jump to Pattern
C - Volume
D - Pattern Break
E - Secondary Effects
F - Speed (Speed + Tempo)

Watch out - The order I chose to show you their functioning won't be the numerical one, rather the best one for a linear and simpler comprehension.

What's all this stuff? Well it's surely way interesting, but you're gonna see... Try to read and learn the following rows and maybe try them on the tracker. Not all of them are so easy to use, so you should better start with simpler ones, volume controls related ones for instance.


Here's the most common effects in detail:

  •  
  • 1 - Portamento UP (*)

    Syntax:

    Values ranging from 100 to 1FF
    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    Acts on note tone, increasing it of a bit (depending on the intensity you decide to apply, from 00 (nothing) to FF) with a Slide effect. Timespan of a slide will always be within a second (even if intensity is FF...)

    Example:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.102|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
    

    Slides C-2 to D-2

    - - -

  • 2 - Portamento DOWN (*)

    Syntax:

    Values ranging from 200 to 2FF
    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    Acts like Portamento UP, just in the opposite way.

    Example:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.202|
             03 | --- 00.000|
    

    Slides The note C-2 to B-1
    You can see on the example that you can use it also on an already played note.
    (repetition to avoid misunderstandings, see SYNTAX...)
    Obviously if note sounds stops on row 01, we're not gonna listen any slide... :))

    - - -

  • 3 - Portamento TO NOTA (*)

    Syntax:

    Values ranging from 300 to 3FF
    Doesn't apply in presence of played note.

    Description:

    Another effect which acts on note tone, this time in a more intelligent and sofisticated way. Firstly you need to write the note toward which you want to bring the tone of the played note. Then you need to specify the speed with which that note has to be reached. This allows both making highly precise Portamentos and to decide Slide dynamic, which means you can either make it slow and very slide or quick, or even mostly unhearable, similar to an Acciaccatura, or Hammering. It could happen that the value you chose is too low and that it is not possible to reach the desired note. Try to believe.
    But let's have some examples for this effect which should be understood in the detail:

    Example 1:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | D-2 10.309|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    In this case D-2 notes gets reached with a full slide effect...

    Example 2:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | D-2 10.303|
             05 | --- 00.303|
             06 | --- 00.303|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    As you can see you can place the effect on several rows without having to repeat the same note if the lines are in succession. Note gets reached in this case also, but with a slower and loger slide...

    Example 3:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | D-2 10.303|
             05 | --- 00.300|
             06 | --- 00.300|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    The example above could also be written like this... Total intensity is still "09", since in case there is the effect 3 without intensity (00) the last one gets used if different from 0. This one's hard, isn't it? :)

    Example 4:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | D-2 10.3FF|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    

    Note gets reached quickly and results as an hammering.

    Example 5:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | C-3 10.309|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    

    Ui! To pretend to reach C in the higher octave with just "09" as intensity it's a little of an illusion... 8^)
    Try with an intensity of at least "20"...

    Note

    If writing a note (the tone destination one) you erase the number of the instrument (which in this case was 10...) there is another Feature, which lets you keep the volume of the previous note. Let's see another example:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.C22|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | C-3 00.309| -- No instrument number any longer
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    

    In This case note volume is "kept" to 22, otherwise it would have been reset to 40.

    - - -

  • 4 - VIBRATO

    Syntax:

    Speed - ranging from 40x to 4Fx
    Intensity - ranging from 4x0 to 4xF
    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    Effect which acts, even if more sensitively than others, on note tone (so on instrument frequency). You probably already know the Vibrato effect, so I'm going straight to the examples.

    Example:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.473|
             03 | --- 00.400|
             04 | --- 00.400|
             05 | --- 00.400|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    Simple example of a Vibrato effect of medium speed (7) and pretty low intensity (3) (you can barely hear it...). As you can see you can write the note just once and then repeat the 4 as long as you want it to last. To be clear: in this case effect starts from row 2 and stops on row 5.

    - - -

  • 7 - TREMOLO

    Syntax:

    Speed - ranging from 70x to 7Fx
    Intensity - ranging from 7x0 to 7xF
    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    Usage is just the same as Vibrato, but it works on Volume instead of Tone. Obvious!

    Example:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.773|
             03 | --- 00.700|
             04 | --- 00.700|
             05 | --- 00.700|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    Nothing to say, it's just like before...

    - - -

  • 8 - Unused

    - - -

  • 9 - Play with OFF-SET

    Syntax:

    Applies with note only.

    Description:

    This effect is very particoular. Someone think it's useless while others have fune using it for the casualty of the results... :I Good. It means that the note doesn't get played from its beginning, but a little further...

    Example 1:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.901|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
              |
              |    /\                    /\
              |\  /  \            /\    /  \        /\
             /| \/    \          /  \  /    \/\    /  \
            / |        \        /    \/        \  /    \    /
              |         \  /\  /                \/      \  /
              |          \/  \/                          \/
              |
            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
            ..*Point from which it gets played
            ..
            ..
            .. - unplayed part
    
    
    

    Note gets played after the "real" beginning.
    As if someone cut a tiny bit of the wave.
    The Timbre of the instrument gets sensitively changed.

    Example 2:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.928|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                                              |
                   /\                    /\   |
              /\  /  \            /\    /  \  |     /\
             /  \/    \          /  \  /    \/|    /  \
            /          \        /    \/       |\  /    \    /
                        \  /\  /              | \/      \  /
                         \/  \/               |          \/
                                              |
            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
            .                                 *Point from which it gets played
            .                                 .
            | . . . .  Unplayed Part  . . . . |
    
    

    Still another timbre variation, and huge this time around...

    Note 1

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.988|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                                                         |
                     /\                                  |
              /\    /  \                                 |
             /  \  /                                     |
            /    \/                                      |
                                                         |
                                                         |
                                                         |
            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                                                         *Point from which
                                                         we try to play it
    
    
    

    If the instrument has a short duration ed the offset value is too high, then probably we are not gonna listen anything (wanna try playing an instrument after its end anyone?)

    Note 2

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.C2A|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | F-2 00.910| -- No instrument set
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    

    Just like effect 3, if there is "00" set instead of instrument number the note will be played at the same volume of the previous one. In this case "2A".

    - - -

  • A - VOLUME Slide (*)

    Syntax:

    Intensity Increment - values ranging from A0x to AFx
    Intensity Decrement - values ranging from Ax0 to AxF
    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    Pretty good. This is a very nice effect. What does this effect do? Simple and nice. Increments or decrements volume (see SYNTAX) based on the applied intensity.

    Example 1:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.A07|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    Volume gets lowered from "40" (remind you that... if there's nothing on the side of note it the maximum/original volume is applied) to about "10" and pretty drastically. If the instrument is longer enough it an effect similar to the "reeverb" could come out of it...

    Example 2:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.A0F|
             03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    Volume gets drastically set to zero!

    Note: (to be read after the reading of "C" effect workings)

    
    
             00 | E-2 10.C40|           00 | E-2 10.C40|
             01 | --- 00.000|           01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.A07|           02 | --- 00.C10|
             03 | --- 00.000|           03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | E-2 10.C40|           04 | E-2 10.C40|
             05 | --- 00.000|           05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.A07|           06 | --- 00.C10|
             07 | --- 00.000|           07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|           08 | --- 00.000|
    
             With "A" effect            With "C" effect
    
    

    So. This is a delicate point. Apparently the results of this comparation might look identical, because with both methods you get to a final volume of "10". That's partially true, but while with "C" effect the volume gets immediatly switched from 40 to 10 (with a clear and not so nice break), with "A" effect all the intermediate values between the "initial" volume and the one "to be reatched" get played, which a consequent high sense of softness and fluidness. In this case it can be called Volume Fade.

    - - -

  • B - Pattern JUMP

    Syntax:

    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    Page Jump. It's just used to jump to another pattern in the sorted sequence. Just like Pattern Break, the row on which the effect is located it's the last to be played.

    - - -

  • C - VOLUME

    Syntax:

    Values ranging from C00 to C40
    Applies both with and without a note.

    Description:

    This surely is the main command and also the most used one. 64 levels of volume (I remind you that numbers are hexadecimal, so 40H...) are for the moment the maximum that a tracker can offer and I gotta say it ain't bad at all! The usage of the effect it's very simple and can be resumed with a single example.

    Example:

    
    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | D-3 1C.C00|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | A-4 0E.C0E|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    Simple: note C-2 has volume 40. Note D-3 has volume zero (but then again why the hell did I write it?!?). Note A-4 has volume 0E (14 in decimal...)

    - - -

  • D - Pattern Break

    Syntax:

    Just write D00...!

    Description:

    Pattern Interruption. It jumps straight on the next pattern in the sequence. Very clear!
    Note. The line on which the D effect is on gets played aswell.

    Example:

    
    
             00 | C-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | D-3 1C.C00|
             04 | --- 00.000|
             05 | --- 00.D00|
             06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    The pattern gets played until row 05 (INCLUDED) and then jumps on the next pattern in sequence.

    - - -

  • Ex - Various Secondary Effects

    I wouldn't spend lot of time, at least for this time, to stop on these effects: less importance, bigger complexity... (!)

    - - -

  • F - Speed & Tempo

    Syntax:

    Speed: values ranging from F00 to F1F (the smaller, the quicker)
    Tempo: values ranging from F20 to FFF (the smaller, the slower)

    Description:

    Tempo, by default, is "7D" (125 in decimal).
    (default = if nobody has yet set a value, this values gets auto setted, hence the default...)
    Default speed is "06".
    So... a little definition of Speed and Tempo just to diversificate them: Speed is the base speed of the song, while Tempo is the speed in detail... In other words, while speed has just "32" possible values on the speed scale, from minimum to maximum possible, tempo has "224" of them. This lets you understand that even a variation of 1 in the speed could be way more relevant than one of the tempo... ok, but let's see a... what ? ? ? ... an example, of course!

    Example:

    
    
             00 | E-2 10.000|                   00 | E-2 10.000|
             01 | --- 00.000|                   01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | --- 00.000|                   02 | --- 00.000|
             03 | --- 00.000|                   03 | --- 00.000|
             04 | --- 00.F03|                   04 | --- 00.F80|
             05 | --- 00.000|                   05 | --- 00.000|
             06 | --- 00.000|                   06 | --- 00.000|
             07 | --- 00.000|                   07 | --- 00.000|
             08 | --- 00.000|                   08 | --- 00.000|
    
             "3" degrees increment of SPEED     "3" degrees increment of TEMPO
    
    

    As you can see the increment is just the same, but while in the former case the speed on row 04 doubles, in the latter gets just increased a lot.

    - - -

  • 5 - Portamento TO NOTE + VOLUME Slide (*)

    Syntax:

    Intensity Increment - values ranging from 50x to 5Fx
    Intensity Decrement - values ranging from 5x0 to 5xF
    Applies both with and without a note.
    Has to be used after the usage of effect "3".

    Description:

    So... this effect, as well as the next one you're going to see, has mainly born as a composer need, which having just a single column of effect wasn't able to execute a one tone slide together with a volume fade... talkin cheaper you couldn't lower the volume of a note while you are already modifying it with the portamento effect. Here, this effect ties two effects together, the "3" and the "A". Do you remind what this two effects do? 3 is the Portamento to Note, A is the way sofisticated Volume Slide. Here comes the effect "5" which uses the intensity with the same dynamic as in effect A, while at the same time it makes a Portamento to the chosen note with the last used 3 effect. For this reason in the SYNTAX it's written that it MUST be used after the effect 3, otherwise effect 5 has no meaning... let's see:

    Example 1:

    
    
             00 | E-2 10.C40.000|
             01 | --- 00.000.000|
             02 | E-1 00.302.000|
             03 | --- 00.306.000|
             04 | --- 00.30A.000|
             05 | --- 00.300.501|
             06 | --- 00.300.502|
             07 | --- 00.300.504|
             08 | --- 00.000.000|
    
    

    This is an ipotetical case of a two columns track for the effects. Note E-2 gets slided through toward the E-1 note with the Slide "3" effect, and on row 05 it gets topped by the fade effect which is mild in the beginning, and gets stronger in the following lines while the 3 effect continues what it was doing (I remind you that in this case 300 is the same as saying 30A...). We know anyway that we can't have two effects column on a common tracker.

    Example 2:

    
    
             00 | E-2 10.C40|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | E-1 00.302|
             03 | --- 00.306|
             04 | --- 00.30A|
             05 | --- 00.501|
             06 | --- 00.502|
             07 | --- 00.504|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    With the 5 effect we do the same thing using a single effects column. The 3 effect conginues with the same intensity as the one on the last used line (3A) while the intensity of the volume effect gets written near the 5 and its dynamic it's, as already stated, the same as in effect A. Impossible to explain it better this!

    - - -

  • 6 - Vibrato + VOLUME Slide (*)

    Syntax:

    Intensity Increment - values ranging from 60x to 60F
    Intensity Decrement - values ranging from 6x0 to 6xF
    Applies both with and without a note.
    Has to be used after the usage of effect "4".

    Description:

    Nothing much to say about this. Did you understand how the previos effect works? Good. This does the same but instead of Portamento to Note, it does it with the Vibrato.

    Example:

    
    
             00 | E-2 10.C40|
             01 | --- 00.000|
             02 | E-1 00.472|
             03 | --- 00.400|
             04 | --- 00.400|
             05 | --- 00.601|
             06 | --- 00.600|
             07 | --- 00.600|
             08 | --- 00.000|
    
    

    Vibrato effect starts at row 02. At row 05 the volume starts decreasing (still like effect A) while at the same time the Vibrato effect goes on. Very simple!!

    - - -

  • (*) - VERY IMPORTANT

    All the effects marked with a (*) have a different rendering depending on the pattern scan speed (F)... Example:
    A Portamento Up effect of 102 with Speed 06 will have the same effect as one of 104 with speed of 03.

    In other words doubling SPEED (be it Speed or Tempo) you halve the intensity of the used effect. Everything clear??
    In case of this lesson the effects have been tested with a Standard Speed, (Speed=6 and Tempo=7D)

    
    

    Pheeeeww... anf... anf... let me cut myself some slack. I hope this stuff will keep you busy for a while... before having some good knowledge about all these effects and the usage of FastTracker2 some time will certainly pass, so I believe that I will have some time to rest...
    ... so wish me a Good Night, while I wish you:

    HAPPY WRITING !!!

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